ADVERBS
Understanding Adverbs
Adverbs are adverbs. Adverbs and adjectives have in common. If the terms of the philosophy of language, the second word begins with the word "Ad" which enables the meaning of the "Add" or "addition". If adjectives add clarity to the meaning of objects (nouns), then adverbs add clarity to the verb (verbs), for example:
"She runs slowly" (He ran slowly). The word "slowly" is an adverb that describes or adds clarity to the meaning of "runs" (how he ran), instead of "she". Although the running ("runs") is subject "she", but an adverb of the word "slowly" describes the verb ("runs"). Thus giving a clear meaning that "ran its done with slow / slow" (runs slowly).
So, it is an adverb adverbs that shed some light on all other words except nouns. In general, adverbs can be formed from adjectives by adding the word "-ly" at the back of the adjectives. However, this rule does not apply to all adjectives. Please note the example below.
Adverbs are adverbs. Adverbs and adjectives have in common. If the terms of the philosophy of language, the second word begins with the word "Ad" which enables the meaning of the "Add" or "addition". If adjectives add clarity to the meaning of objects (nouns), then adverbs add clarity to the verb (verbs), for example:
"She runs slowly" (He ran slowly). The word "slowly" is an adverb that describes or adds clarity to the meaning of "runs" (how he ran), instead of "she". Although the running ("runs") is subject "she", but an adverb of the word "slowly" describes the verb ("runs"). Thus giving a clear meaning that "ran its done with slow / slow" (runs slowly).
So, it is an adverb adverbs that shed some light on all other words except nouns. In general, adverbs can be formed from adjectives by adding the word "-ly" at the back of the adjectives. However, this rule does not apply to all adjectives. Please note the example below.
Examples of Adverbs (kata keterangan)
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Adjectives
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Adverbs
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Fluent
Contoh kalimat:
Her English is fluent.
(Artinya: Bahasa Inggris dia fasih/ lancar)
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Fluently
Contoh kalimat:
She can speak English fluently.
(Artinya: Dia dapat berbicara Bahasa Inggris dengan fasih/ lancar)
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Slow
Contoh kalimat:
He is a slow reader.
(Artinya: Dia adalah pembaca yang lambat)
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Slowly
Contoh kalimat:
He reads the book slowly.
(Artinya: Dia membaca buku dengan
lambat)
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Quick
Contoh kalimat:
She is quick writer.
(Artinya: Dia adalah penulis yang cepat)
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Quickly
Contoh kalimat:
She writes quickly.
(Artinya: Dia menulis dengan
cepat)
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NOTE:
Rules form adverbs do not always have to add the suffix "-ly" of all adjectives (adjectives). This rule only applies to a few adjectives alone.
Functions Adverbs (Adverb)
Besides being used to describe a verb (verbs), sometimes also used to modify adverbs or adjectives describe (adjective), for example:
I am extremely happy. (Meaning: I am very happy)
In the example sentence above, the word "extremely" functions as an adverb that describes the adjective "happy".
Adverbs are also used to express the time or frequency, for example: tomorrow, today, yesterday, soon, never, usually, always, yet, etc..
Example Sentence Using Adverbs (Adverb):
- George writes carelessly.
- I answered his question that easily.
- Sally speaks softly.
- I entered the classroom quietly Because I was late.
- Jack opened the heavy door slowly.
- The old man skillfully carves wooden figures.
- A busy executive usually has short conversations on the telephone.
- The young man had a very good time at the picnic yesterday.
- I write English articles continuously.
- She has been singing a song beautifully for 6 minutes.
Rules form adverbs do not always have to add the suffix "-ly" of all adjectives (adjectives). This rule only applies to a few adjectives alone.
Functions Adverbs (Adverb)
Besides being used to describe a verb (verbs), sometimes also used to modify adverbs or adjectives describe (adjective), for example:
I am extremely happy. (Meaning: I am very happy)
In the example sentence above, the word "extremely" functions as an adverb that describes the adjective "happy".
Adverbs are also used to express the time or frequency, for example: tomorrow, today, yesterday, soon, never, usually, always, yet, etc..
Example Sentence Using Adverbs (Adverb):
- George writes carelessly.
- I answered his question that easily.
- Sally speaks softly.
- I entered the classroom quietly Because I was late.
- Jack opened the heavy door slowly.
- The old man skillfully carves wooden figures.
- A busy executive usually has short conversations on the telephone.
- The young man had a very good time at the picnic yesterday.
- I write English articles continuously.
- She has been singing a song beautifully for 6 minutes.
NEGATIVE
Either,
Neither, Rarely, Hardly, and Barely
Either or Neither
is used to incorporate
negative sentences.
The formula:
[S1 + auxiliary + not + V + O and S2 auxiliary + not either / Neither
+ Auxiliary + S2]
Neither = not either, therefore after the auxiliary is not, is not accompanied by "not" again.
example:
- They do not come late
- Brian does not come late
They do not come late and Brian does not either / Neither does Brian
- I did not like the food
- Sulton did not like the food
I did not like the food and Sulton did not either / Neither did Sulton
1. Combined Contrary Equivalents
[S1 + V1 + O, but / while + S2 + do / does + not]
[S1 + V2 + O, but / while + S2 + did + not]
[S1 + auxiliary + V + O, but / while + S2 + auxiliary + not]
[S1 + auxiliary + not + V O, but / while + S2 + auxiliary]
Combined use of conjunctions equal but opposite / while.
example:
- She always comes late
- I do not always come late
She always comes late but I do not
- We do not have to return the book tomorrow
- He has to return the book tomorrow
We do not have to return the book tomorrow, but / while he does
Note: The first question sentence containing the words: never, seldom, rarely, hardly, few and little considered to have a negative sense.
Example: I seldom visit my uncle, and Neither does my sister
I rarely visit my uncle, but my sister does.
2. Combined Equals:
Whenever the word "either" and "Neither" followed by "or" and "nor" the verb / auxiliarynya maybe singular or plural (plural) relies on the word after "or" or "nor" whether singular or plural.
Even if the word "or" or "nor" stand alone, verb remains were found by word after "or" or "nor"
Neither /
Either
....
Nor
or
Singular singular noun + verb / auxiliary
Neither /
Either
+ Noun +
Nor
or
Singular singular noun + verb / auxiliary
noun +
Nor
or
Singular + singular noun + verb / auxiliary
noun +
Nor
or
Plural noun + verb + Plural / Auxiliary
Neither John nor Bill is going to class today
Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.
Neither John nor his friends are going to class today
Either John or George is going to the beach today.
John or George is going to class today.
Maria nor her friends are going to class today .
The formula:
[S1 + auxiliary + not + V + O and S2 auxiliary + not either / Neither
+ Auxiliary + S2]
Neither = not either, therefore after the auxiliary is not, is not accompanied by "not" again.
example:
- They do not come late
- Brian does not come late
They do not come late and Brian does not either / Neither does Brian
- I did not like the food
- Sulton did not like the food
I did not like the food and Sulton did not either / Neither did Sulton
1. Combined Contrary Equivalents
[S1 + V1 + O, but / while + S2 + do / does + not]
[S1 + V2 + O, but / while + S2 + did + not]
[S1 + auxiliary + V + O, but / while + S2 + auxiliary + not]
[S1 + auxiliary + not + V O, but / while + S2 + auxiliary]
Combined use of conjunctions equal but opposite / while.
example:
- She always comes late
- I do not always come late
She always comes late but I do not
- We do not have to return the book tomorrow
- He has to return the book tomorrow
We do not have to return the book tomorrow, but / while he does
Note: The first question sentence containing the words: never, seldom, rarely, hardly, few and little considered to have a negative sense.
Example: I seldom visit my uncle, and Neither does my sister
I rarely visit my uncle, but my sister does.
2. Combined Equals:
Whenever the word "either" and "Neither" followed by "or" and "nor" the verb / auxiliarynya maybe singular or plural (plural) relies on the word after "or" or "nor" whether singular or plural.
Even if the word "or" or "nor" stand alone, verb remains were found by word after "or" or "nor"
Neither /
Either
....
Nor
or
Singular singular noun + verb / auxiliary
Neither /
Either
+ Noun +
Nor
or
Singular singular noun + verb / auxiliary
noun +
Nor
or
Singular + singular noun + verb / auxiliary
noun +
Nor
or
Plural noun + verb + Plural / Auxiliary
Neither John nor Bill is going to class today
Either John or Bill is going to the beach today.
Neither John nor his friends are going to class today
Either John or George is going to the beach today.
John or George is going to class today.
Maria nor her friends are going to class today .
Rarely, hardly, barely
Rarely is the adverb of frequency that indicates the intensity of the time (how Often) while hardly and barely is an adverb of measurement that shows to the inability / difficulty someone untukmelakukan something all three have the same meaning
Example :
Rarely is the adverb of frequency that indicates the intensity of the time (how Often) while hardly and barely is an adverb of measurement that shows to the inability / difficulty someone untukmelakukan something all three have the same meaning
Example :
·
Marti rarely drinks coffee
(marti almost never drink coffee)
(marti almost never drink coffee)
·
Do yo hardly
ever get sick
(if you almost never got sick?)
(if you almost never got sick?)
·
She barely knows how
to read compass
and map
(he does not know how to read a compass and map
(he does not know how to read a compass and map
A. Commands
Contains a command to a person to do a particular thing. The hallmark of this sentence is the first form of the verb dipergunaknnya at the beginning of the sentence if the command form of the verb. Meanwhile, if the command form of the adjective, then we use at the beginning of the sentence be followed by adjectives (adjective), and was also followed by an adverb (adverb), or a noun (noun). Consider the following example:
a. Command form of the verb (verb)
• Go home and take a rest. You'll be fine.!
• Take some pain pills, please!
• See the doctor and get some medicines from the drugstore!
• Eat breakfast in the morning. It's very good for you!
b. Commands in the form of an adjective (adjective), adverbs (adverb), or a noun (noun)
• Be careful and be sure! (adjective)
• Be ready to go now! (adjective)
• Be here as soon as possible! (adverb)
• Be a good man! (noun)
Contains a command to a person to do a particular thing. The hallmark of this sentence is the first form of the verb dipergunaknnya at the beginning of the sentence if the command form of the verb. Meanwhile, if the command form of the adjective, then we use at the beginning of the sentence be followed by adjectives (adjective), and was also followed by an adverb (adverb), or a noun (noun). Consider the following example:
a. Command form of the verb (verb)
• Go home and take a rest. You'll be fine.!
• Take some pain pills, please!
• See the doctor and get some medicines from the drugstore!
• Eat breakfast in the morning. It's very good for you!
b. Commands in the form of an adjective (adjective), adverbs (adverb), or a noun (noun)
• Be careful and be sure! (adjective)
• Be ready to go now! (adjective)
• Be here as soon as possible! (adverb)
• Be a good man! (noun)
B. Negative Commands
Contains prohibitions addressed to a person not to do a certain thing. It is a characteristic sentence dipergunakannya do at the beginning of the sentence followed oelh I ataau verbs we add first and then be followed by an adjective, adverb, or noun.
a) Prohibition of a verb
• Do not go home!
• Do not take any pain pills!
• Do not see the doctor!
• Do not eat breakfast too much!
b) The prohibition in the form of adjectives, adverbs, nouns.
• Do not be careless and be doubtful!
• Do not be lazy to go now!
• Do not be here so soon!
• Do not be the bad boy. Everyone will hate you!
Contains prohibitions addressed to a person not to do a certain thing. It is a characteristic sentence dipergunakannya do at the beginning of the sentence followed oelh I ataau verbs we add first and then be followed by an adjective, adverb, or noun.
a) Prohibition of a verb
• Do not go home!
• Do not take any pain pills!
• Do not see the doctor!
• Do not eat breakfast too much!
b) The prohibition in the form of adjectives, adverbs, nouns.
• Do not be careless and be doubtful!
• Do not be lazy to go now!
• Do not be here so soon!
• Do not be the bad boy. Everyone will hate you!
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