ADVERBS
Understanding Adverbs
Adverbs are adverbs.
Adverbs and adjectives
have in common. If the terms of the philosophy of language, the second word
begins with the word "Ad" which enables
the meaning of the "Add"
or "addition". If adjectives add
clarity to the meaning
of objects (nouns), then adverbs add
clarity to the verb
(verbs), for example:
"She runs slowly"
(He ran slowly).
The word "slowly" is an adverb that
describes or adds clarity to the meaning of "runs" (how he
ran), instead of "she".
Although the running
("runs") is subject "she", but an adverb of
the word "slowly" describes the verb ("runs").
Thus giving a clear meaning that "ran
its done with
slow / slow"
(runs slowly).
So, it is an
adverb adverbs that shed some light on all other
words except nouns. In general, adverbs can
be formed from adjectives by adding the word "-ly" at the back
of the adjectives. However, this rule does
not apply to all adjectives. Please
note the example below.
Examples of Adverbs (kata keterangan)
|
Adjectives
|
Adverbs
|
|
Fluent
Contoh kalimat:
Her English is fluent.
(Artinya: Bahasa Inggris dia fasih/ lancar)
|
Fluently
Contoh kalimat:
She can speak English fluently.
(Artinya: Dia dapat berbicara Bahasa Inggris dengan fasih/ lancar)
|
|
Slow
Contoh kalimat:
He is a slow reader.
(Artinya: Dia adalah pembaca yang lambat)
|
Slowly
Contoh kalimat:
He reads the book slowly.
(Artinya: Dia membaca buku dengan
lambat)
|
|
Quick
Contoh kalimat:
She is quick writer.
(Artinya: Dia adalah penulis yang cepat)
|
Quickly
Contoh kalimat:
She writes quickly.
(Artinya: Dia menulis dengan
cepat)
|
NOTE:
Rules form adverbs
do not always have
to add the suffix "-ly" of
all adjectives (adjectives).
This rule only applies to a few adjectives alone.
Functions Adverbs (Adverb)
Besides being used to describe a verb (verbs),
sometimes also used
to modify adverbs
or adjectives describe
(adjective), for example:
I am extremely
happy. (Meaning: I
am very happy)
In the example sentence above, the word "extremely"
functions as an adverb that describes the
adjective "happy".
Adverbs are also used
to express the time or frequency, for
example: tomorrow, today, yesterday, soon, never,
usually, always, yet,
etc..
Example Sentence Using
Adverbs (Adverb):
- George writes
carelessly.
- I answered
his question that
easily.
- Sally speaks
softly.
- I entered
the classroom quietly
Because I was late.
- Jack opened
the heavy door
slowly.
- The old man skillfully carves
wooden figures.
- A busy executive
usually has short
conversations on the telephone.
- The young
man had a very
good time at the picnic yesterday.
- I write English articles continuously.
- She has been
singing a song
beautifully for 6
minutes.
NEGATIVE
Either,
Neither, Rarely, Hardly, and Barely
Either or Neither
is used to incorporate
negative sentences.
The formula:
[S1 + auxiliary
+ not + V + O and S2 auxiliary
+ not either
/ Neither
+ Auxiliary +
S2]
Neither = not
either, therefore after the auxiliary is not, is
not accompanied by "not"
again.
example:
- They do not
come late
- Brian does
not come late
They do not come
late and Brian
does not either
/ Neither does
Brian
- I did not like
the food
- Sulton did
not like the food
I did not like the
food and Sulton did
not either /
Neither did Sulton
1. Combined Contrary
Equivalents
[S1 + V1 + O, but / while + S2 + do / does + not]
[S1 + V2 + O, but / while + S2 + did + not]
[S1 + auxiliary
+ V + O, but / while + S2 + auxiliary + not]
[S1 + auxiliary
+ not + V O, but / while + S2 + auxiliary]
Combined use of
conjunctions equal but opposite / while.
example:
- She always
comes late
- I do not always come late
She always comes
late but I do
not
- We do not have to return
the book tomorrow
- He has to
return the book tomorrow
We do not have to return the
book tomorrow, but
/ while he does
Note: The first question
sentence containing the words: never, seldom, rarely,
hardly, few and little
considered to have a negative sense.
Example: I seldom visit my uncle, and
Neither does my
sister
I rarely visit my
uncle, but my
sister does.
2. Combined Equals:
Whenever the word "either" and "Neither"
followed by "or"
and "nor" the verb / auxiliarynya
maybe singular or
plural (plural) relies
on the word after
"or" or "nor" whether singular or plural.
Even if the word "or"
or "nor" stand alone, verb remains
were found by word
after "or" or "nor"
Neither /
Either
....
Nor
or
Singular singular noun + verb / auxiliary
Neither /
Either
+ Noun +
Nor
or
Singular singular noun + verb / auxiliary
noun +
Nor
or
Singular + singular
noun + verb
/ auxiliary
noun +
Nor
or
Plural noun +
verb + Plural
/ Auxiliary
Neither John nor
Bill is going to
class today
Either John or
Bill is going to
the beach today.
Neither John nor
his friends are going
to class today
Either John or
George is going
to the beach today.
John or George
is going to class
today.
Maria nor her
friends are going to class today .
Rarely, hardly, barely
Rarely is the adverb
of frequency that
indicates the intensity of the time (how Often)
while hardly and
barely is an
adverb of measurement that shows to the
inability / difficulty
someone untukmelakukan something all three have
the same meaning
Example :
·
Marti rarely drinks coffee
(marti almost never drink coffee)
·
Do yo hardly
ever get sick
(if you almost
never got sick?)
·
She barely knows how
to read compass
and map
(he does not know
how to read a compass
and map
A. Commands
Contains a command to a
person to do a particular thing. The hallmark of this sentence is
the first form of the verb dipergunaknnya at the beginning of the
sentence if the command form of the verb. Meanwhile,
if the command form of the adjective, then we
use at the beginning of the
sentence be followed by adjectives (adjective), and was also followed
by an adverb (adverb),
or a noun (noun).
Consider the following example:
a. Command form
of the verb (verb)
• Go home and take a rest.
You'll be fine.!
• Take some pain
pills, please!
• See the doctor
and get some medicines
from the drugstore!
• Eat breakfast
in the morning. It's very good for you!
b. Commands in
the form of an adjective (adjective),
adverbs (adverb), or a noun (noun)
• Be careful and
be sure! (adjective)
• Be ready to go
now! (adjective)
• Be here as soon as possible! (adverb)
• Be a good man!
(noun)
B. Negative Commands
Contains prohibitions addressed
to a person not to do a certain thing. It is
a characteristic sentence dipergunakannya do at
the beginning of the sentence followed
oelh I ataau
verbs we add
first and then be followed by an
adjective, adverb, or noun.
a) Prohibition of a verb
• Do not go home!
• Do not take any
pain pills!
• Do not see the
doctor!
• Do not eat breakfast
too much!
b) The prohibition in the form of adjectives, adverbs,
nouns.
• Do not be careless
and be doubtful!
• Do not be lazy
to go now!
• Do not be here
so soon!
• Do not be the
bad boy. Everyone will hate you!
Sumber:
